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Evaluation of the static and dynamic structural performance of segmental pre-stressed concrete box girder

Ali Fadhil NASER, Zonglin WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 164-177 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0196-8

摘要： The objectives of this study are to explain the repairing and strengthening methods which are used to improve the structural performance of the bridge structure, to analyze the static and dynamic responses after strengthening, and to evaluate the performance of the bridge structure after repairing and strengthening. The methods of repairing and strengthening include reconstruction the deck of the bridge by casting 10 cm layer of concrete, strengthening the web and bottom floor of box girders of middle spans and side spans by sticking the steel plates, strengthening the whole bridge structure by using external pre-stressing tendons, and treatment the cracks. The results of theoretical analysis show that the values of tensile stress and vertical deflection are decreased and the compressive stress is increased after strengthening. There are not tensile stresses are appeared in the sections of the bridge structure. The modal analysis results show that the value of natural frequency is equal to 2.09 Hz which is more than the values before strengthening which is equal to 1.64 Hz, indicating that the stiffness of the bridge structure is improved and the strengthening process is effective to improve the cracks resistance and bearing capacity of the bridge structure.

关键词： structural performance steel plates external pre-stressing cracks grouting method static

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Structural performance of a façade precast concrete sandwich panel enabled by a bar-type basalt fiber-reinforced

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 122-137 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0894-1

摘要： In this study, a novel diagonally inserted bar-type basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) connector was proposed, aiming to achieve both construction convenience and partially composite behavior in precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs). First, pull-out tests were conducted to evaluate the anchoring performance of the connector in concrete after exposure to different temperatures. Thereafter, direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the shear performance of the connector. After the test on the individual performance of the connector, five façade PCSP specimens with the bar-type BFRP connector were fabricated, and the out-of-plane flexural performance was tested under a uniformly distributed load. The investigating parameters included the panel length, opening condition, and boundary condition. The results obtained in this study primarily indicated that 1) the bar-type BFRP connector can achieve a reliable anchorage system in concrete; 2) the bar-type BFRP connector can offer sufficient stiffness and capacity to achieve a partially composite PCSP; 3) the boundary condition of the panel considerably influenced the out-of-plane flexural performance and composite action of the investigated façade PCSP.

关键词： precast concrete sandwich panel basalt fiber reinforced polymer pull-out performance shear performance out-of-plane flexural performance

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment short & medium span bridge structural health monitoring(SHM) long-term data collection system maintenance bridge performance information technology loading vehicle(public bus) in-situ loading

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结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 35-39

摘要：

从当前新材料的开发和材料科学发展向多功能、小型化、复合化、低成本制备等要求出发, 并就现有高性能陶瓷材料的基本性能和材料制备工艺上的优缺点进行了分析；简要介绍了碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷、添加Nd的钇铝石榴子石(Nd-YAG)陶瓷、掺有稀土的氮化硅(RE-Si₃N₄)陶瓷等几种具有结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷材料的优良性能,可能的应用以及目前存在的问题,特别是在基础研究和制备科学上今后应予以关注的方面。

关键词：结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷碳化硅 Nd-YAG RE-Si₃N₄

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Structural performance assessment of GFRP elastic gridshells by machine learning interpretability methods

Soheila KOOKALANI; Bin CHENG; Jose Luis Chavez TORRES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1249-1266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0858-5

摘要： The prediction of structural performance plays a significant role in damage assessment of glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) elastic gridshell structures. Machine learning (ML) approaches are implemented in this study, to predict maximum stress and displacement of GFRP elastic gridshell structures. Several ML algorithms, including linear regression (LR), ridge regression (RR), support vector regression (SVR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), category boosting (CatBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), are implemented in this study. Output features of structural performance considered in this study are the maximum stress as f₁(x) and the maximum displacement to self-weight ratio as f₂(x). A comparative study is conducted and the Catboost model presents the highest prediction accuracy. Finally, interpretable ML approaches, including shapely additive explanations (SHAP), partial dependence plot (PDP), and accumulated local effects (ALE), are applied to explain the predictions. SHAP is employed to describe the importance of each variable to structural performance both locally and globally. The results of sensitivity analysis (SA), feature importance of the CatBoost model and SHAP approach indicate the same parameters as the most significant variables for f₁(x) and f₂(x).

关键词： machine learning gridshell structure regression sensitivity analysis interpretability methods

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钢铁结构材料的高性能化

翁宇庆

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第3期页码 48-53

摘要：

叙述了以细化钢铁结构材料的晶粒尺寸为核心，将现有钢材强度和寿命翻番的基本进展；在保持塑性提高和价格下降的同时，碳素结构钢板带材屈服强度从235 MPa已提高到420～470 MPa，塑性由最大26%提高到29%～34%；建筑螺纹钢由一级提高到三级，碳—锰钢由二级提高到四级，且抗地震性能好；高强抗延迟断裂螺栓钢，已达到世界最高的13.9级。

关键词：钢铁材料基础研究高性能化进展

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Performance assessment of innovative seismic resilient steel knee braced frame

Tony T. Y. YANG,Yuanjie LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 291-302 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0340-3

摘要： Buckling restrained knee braced truss moment frame (BRKBTMF) is a novel and innovative steel structural system that utilizes the advantages of long-span trusses and dedicated structural fuses for seismic applications. Steel trusses are very economical and effective in spanning large distance. However, conventional steel trusses are typically not suitable for seismic application, due to its lack of ductility and poor energy dissipation capacity. BRKBTMF utilizes buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as the designated structural fuses to dissipate the sudden surge of earthquake energy. This allows the BRKBTMF to economically and efficiently create large span structural systems for seismic applications. In this paper, a prototype BRKBTMF office building located in Berkeley, California, USA, was designed using performance-based plastic design procedure. The seismic performance of the prototype building was assessed using the state-of-the-art finite element software, OpenSees. Detailed BRB hysteresis and advanced element removal technique was implemented. The modeling approach allows the simulation for the force-deformation response of the BRB and the force redistribution within the system after the BRBs fracture. The developed finite element model was analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis approach to quantify the seismic performance of BRKBTMF. The results show BRKBTMF has excellent seismic performance with well controlled structural responses and resistance against collapse. In addition, life cycle repair cost of BRKBTMF was assessed using the next-generation performance-based earthquake engineering framework. The results confirm that BRKBTMF can effectively control the structural and non-structural component damages and minimize the repair costs of the structure under different ranges of earthquake shaking intensities. This studies conclude that BRKBTMF is a viable and effective seismic force resisting system.

关键词： buckling restrained brace innovative structural system collapse simulation seismic assessment

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Dynamic material performance of cold-formed steel hollow sections: a state-of-the-art review

Cameron B. RITCHIE, Jeffrey A. PACKER, Xiao-Ling ZHAO, Amin HEIDARPOUR, Yiyi CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 209-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0388-8

摘要： This paper presents a literature review focused on the material performance of cold-formed, carbon steel, hollow structural sections under impulsive (highly dynamic) loading. Impulsive loading, represented by impact and blast, is characterized by a very rapid, time-dependent loading regime in the affected members and materials. Thus, the effect of high-strain-rate loading is initially reviewed. Next the material toughness, an important energy-absorption property and one measure of a material’s ability to arrest fracture, is considered by means of studying the Charpy V-notch behavior. The response of hollow sections under axial and lateral impact loading is then reviewed. ??Studies of blast on hollow sections, most of which fall under the categories of contact/near-field loading or far-field loading are presented. Under large-scale field blast experiments, cold-formed hollow sections have shown excellent behavior. Software for modeling blast loading and structural response, the latter including single degree of freedom analysis and explicit finite element analysis, is described and discussed.

关键词： cold-formed steel hollow structural sections composites impulsive loading impact blast experimentation analysis material properties

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Approximation of structural damping and input excitation force

Mohammad SALAVATI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 244-254 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0371-9

摘要： Structural dynamic characteristics are the most significant parameters that play a decisive role in structural damage assessment. The more sensitive parameter to the damage is the damping behavior of the structure. The complexity of structural damping mechanisms has made this parameter to be one of the ongoing research topics. Despite all the difficulties in the modeling of damping, there are some approaches like as linear and nonlinear models which are described as the energy dissipation throughout viscous, material or structural hysteretic and frictional damping mechanisms. In the presence of a mathematical model of the damping mechanisms, it is possible to estimate the damping ratio from the theoretical comparison of the damped and un-damped systems. On the other hand, solving the inverse problem of the input force estimation and its distribution to each SDOFs, from the measured structural responses plays an important role in structural identification process. In this paper model-based damping approximation method and a model-less structural input estimation are considered. The effectiveness of proposed methods has been carried out through analytical and numerical simulation of the lumped mass system and the results are compared with reference data. Consequently, high convergence of the comparison results illustrates the satisfactory of proposed approximation methods.

关键词： structural modal parameters damping identification method input excitation force identification Inverse problem

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石永久：基于高性能钢材的结构体系（2019年11月9日）

石永久(高级职称)

2021年01月20日

关键词：城镇建设

Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1133-1144 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0959-9

摘要： Sustainable structures are critical for addressing global climate change. Hence, their structural resilience or ability to recover from natural events must be considered comprehensively. Green roofs are a widely used sustainable feature that improve the environment while providing excellent occupant amenity. To expand their usage, their inherent damping and layout sensitivity to seismic performance are investigated in this study. The soil of a green roof can serve as a damper to dissipate the energy generated by earthquakes or other dynamic events. Results of preliminary analysis show that a green roof soil can increase localized damping by 2.5% under both dry and saturated conditions. Based on these findings, nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a three-story building in SAP2000 to monitor the structural behavior with and without a green roof. The increased damping in the green roof soil is beneficial to the structural performance, i.e., it reduces the building displacement and acceleration by 10% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, certain configurations are more effective and beneficial to the structural response than others, which suggests the possibility of design optimization. Based on the findings of this study, new methods of modeling and considering green roofs in structural design are established.

关键词： green infrastructure green roof structural resilience seismic design

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Development of an integrated structural health monitoring system for bridge structures in operational

Xinqun ZHU, Hong HAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 321-333 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0161-y

摘要： This paper presents an overview of development of an integrated structural health monitoring system. The integrated system includes vibration and guided-wave based structural health monitoring. It integrates the real-time heterogeneous sensor data acquiring system, data analysis and interpretation, physical-based numerical simulation of complex structural system under operational conditions and structural evaluation. The study is mainly focused on developing: integrated sensor technology, integrated structural damage identification with operational loads monitoring, and integrated structural evaluation with results from system identification. Numerical simulation and its implementation in laboratory show that the system is effective and reliable to detect local damage and global conditions of bridge structures.

关键词： integrated structural health monitoring operational conditions vibration and guided wave

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Digital image correlation-based structural state detection through deep learning

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 45-56 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0777-x

摘要： This paper presents a new approach for automatical classification of structural state through deep learning. In this work, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was designed to fuse both the feature extraction and classification blocks into an intelligent and compact learning system and detect the structural state of a steel frame; the input was a series of vibration signals, and the output was a structural state. The digital image correlation (DIC) technology was utilized to collect vibration information of an actual steel frame, and subsequently, the raw signals, without further pre-processing, were directly utilized as the CNN samples. The results show that CNN can achieve 99% classification accuracy for the research model. Besides, compared with the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), the CNN had an accuracy similar to that of the BPNN, but it only consumes 19% of the training time. The outputs of the convolution and pooling layers were visually displayed and discussed as well. It is demonstrated that: 1) the CNN can extract the structural state information from the vibration signals and classify them; 2) the detection and computational performance of the CNN for the incomplete data are better than that of the BPNN; 3) the CNN has better anti-noise ability.

关键词： structural state detection deep learning digital image correlation vibration signal steel frame

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Identification of structural parameters and boundary conditions using a minimum number of measurement

Ali KARIMPOUR, Salam RAHMATALLA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 1331-1348 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0686-4

摘要： This article proposes a novel methodology that uses mathematical and numerical models of a structure to build a data set and determine crucial nodes that possess the highest sensitivity. Regression surfaces between the structural parameters and structural output features, represented by the natural frequencies of the structure and local transmissibility, are built using the numerical data set. A description of a possible experimental application is provided, where sensors are mounted at crucial nodes, and the natural frequencies and local transmissibility at each natural frequency are determined from the power spectral density and the power spectral density ratios of the sensor responses, respectively. An inverse iterative process is then applied to identify the structural parameters by matching the experimental features with the available parameters in the myriad numerical data set. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed methodology. The results reveal that the method was able to accurately identify the boundary coefficients and physical parameters of the Euler-Bernoulli beam as well as a highway bridge model with elastic foundations using only two measurement points. It is expected that the proposed method will have practical applications in the identification and analysis of restored structural systems with unknown parameters and boundary coefficients.

关键词： structural model validation eigenvalue problem response surface inverse problems

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Advanced analysis for structural steel building design

CHEN Wai Fah

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 189-196 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0024-8

摘要： The 2005 AISC LRFD Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings are making it possible for designers to recognize explicitly the structural resistance provided within the elastic and inelastic ranges of behavior and up to the maximum load limit state. There is an increasing awareness of the need for practical second-order analysis approaches for a direct determination of overall structural system response. This paper attempts to present a simple, concise and reasonably comprehensive introduction to some of the theoretical and practical approaches which have been used in the traditional and modern processes of design of steel building structures.

关键词： building Specifications comprehensive introduction structural resistance traditional